• Was the Chief Economic Advisor to the Union Government of India in the 1980s, Banking Secretary between 1985 and 1989 and Finance Secretary in the Ministry of Finance.
• Was on the Central Board of Directors of the Reserve Bank of India.
• Was the Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister between 1991 & 1992.
• Served as the Executive Director on the Boards of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
• Was the Member-Secretary, Planning Commission of India.
• Was the Governor, Reserve Bank of India from 2000 to 2003.
• Was nominated as a member to the Rajya Sabha in 2003.

NOTE: Due to the characteristics, the actual colors of the above might not be exactly the same as you see on your monitor.